Understanding Water Rights in Real Estate Transactions in Kenya

Understanding the legal framework and types of water rights is crucial for buyers and developers to ensure a smooth and legally compliant property transaction.

REBP REBP
Dec 16, 2023 - 13:20
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Understanding Water Rights in Real Estate Transactions in Kenya
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Water is a crucial resource in real estate development, and understanding water rights is essential for anyone involved in property transactions in Kenya. Herein we explore how water rights work in real estate in Kenya, including the legal framework, types of water rights, and considerations for buyers and developers.

Legal Framework:

Water rights in Kenya are governed by the Water Act of 2016, which provides a framework for the allocation, management, and regulation of water resources. The Act establishes the Water Resources Authority (WRA) as the regulatory body responsible for granting and enforcing water rights.

Types of Water Rights:

1. Riparian Rights:

Riparian rights are based on the principle that landowners who have water bodies, such as rivers or lakes, running through or adjacent to their property have the right to use and access that water. These rights are automatically granted to riparian landowners.

2. Appropriative Rights:

Appropriative rights are obtained through permits issued by the WRA. These rights allow individuals or entities to withdraw water from a specific source for a designated purpose. Appropriative rights are subject to conditions, such as the volume of water that can be withdrawn and the duration of the permit.

Considerations for Buyers:

1. Water Availability:

Before purchasing a property, it is crucial to assess the availability of water resources. This includes determining the proximity of the property to water sources, such as rivers, lakes, or boreholes, and evaluating the reliability of those sources in terms of quantity and quality.

2. Existing Water Rights:

Buyers should confirm if the property has existing water rights, such as riparian rights or appropriative permits. This can be done by reviewing the property's title deed or conducting due diligence with the WRA to ascertain the status of the water rights.

Considerations for Developers:

1. Permit Application:

Developers intending to use water resources for their projects must apply for appropriative permits from the WRA. The application process involves submitting relevant documents and plans, including environmental impact assessments and water management plans.

2. Compliance with Regulations:

Developers must adhere to the conditions specified in their appropriative permits, such as water usage limits and environmental safeguards. Failure to comply with these regulations can lead to penalties or revocation of the water rights.

Water rights play a vital role in real estate transactions in Kenya. Understanding the legal framework and types of water rights is crucial for buyers and developers to ensure a smooth and legally compliant property transaction. Buyers must assess water availability and existing water rights, while developers need to obtain the necessary permits and comply with regulations. By considering water rights in real estate, stakeholders can ensure sustainable water management and development practices in Kenya.

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